Acetylcholine and glutamate release during sleep–wakefulness in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and norepinephrine changes regulated by nitric oxide
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چکیده
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Ketamine-Induced Prefrontal Serotonin Release Is Mediated by Cholinergic Neurons in the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus
Background Ketamine rapidly elicits antidepressive effects in humans and mice in which serotonergic activity is involved. Although α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α4β2 nAChR) in the dorsal raphe nucleus plays a key role in the ketamine-induced prefrontal serotonin release, the source of cholinergic afferents, and its role is unclear. Methods Prefrontal serotonin levels after ketamine i...
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Introduction: Based on the evidence, the Pedunculopontine Tegmental nucleus (PPT) is involved in cardiovascular function regulation. In this study, the probable role of PPT on cardiovascular parameters in the hypotension induced by Hemorrhage (HEM) was evaluated. Methods: The study rats were divided up into 5 groups: 1. Control (Saline); 2. Cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2); 3. HEM; 4. Saline+HEM; ...
متن کاملReward prediction error computation in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus neurons.
In this article, we address the role of neuronal activity in the pathways of the brainstem-midbrain circuit in reward and the basis for believing that this circuit provides advantages over previous reinforcement learning theory. Several lines of evidence support the reward-based learning theory proposing that midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons send a teaching signal (the reward prediction error sig...
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Kamen G. Usunoff 1,2,4, Dimitar E. Itzev2, Stephan R. Lolov3, and Andreas Wree4 ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
سال: 1999
ISSN: 1323-1316,1440-1819
DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.1999.00543.x